ABSTRACT
@#Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest mortality worldwide, and its early diagnosis and evaluation have a crucial impact on the comprehensive treatment of patients. Early preoperative diagnosis of lung cancer depends on a variety of imaging and tumor marker indicators, but it cannot be accurately assessed due to its high false positive rate. Liquid biopsy biomarkers can detect circulating tumor cells and DNA in peripheral blood by non-invasive methods and are gradually becoming a powerful diagnostic tool in the field of precision medicine for tumors. This article reviews the research progress of liquid biopsy biomarkers and their combination with clinical imaging features in the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the formation of polystyrene nanoplastic-plant protein corona and its potential impact on plants, three differently modified polystyrene nanoplastics with an average particle size of 200 nm were taken to interact with the leaf proteins of Impatiens hawkeri for 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h, and 36 h, respectively. The morphological changes were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surface roughness was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), the hydrated particle size and zeta potential were determined by nanoparticle size and zeta potential analyzer, and the protein composition of the protein corona was identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The proteins were classified in terms of biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions to study the adsorption selection of nanoplastics to proteins, investigate the formation and characteristics of polystyrene nanoplastic-plant protein corona and predict the potential impact of protein corona on plants. The results showed that the morphological changes of the nanoplastics became clearer as the reaction time extends, as evidenced by the increase in size and roughness and the enhancement of stability, thus demonstrating the formation of protein corona. In addition, the transformation rate from soft to hard protein corona was basically the same for the three polystyrene nanoplastics in the formation of protein corona with leaf proteins under the same protein concentration conditions. Moreover, in the reaction with leaf proteins, the selective adsorption of the three nanoplastics to proteins with different isoelectric points and molecular weights differed, and the particle size and stability of the final formed protein corona also differed. Since a large portion of the protein fraction in protein corona is involved in photosynthesis, it is hypothesized that the formation of the protein corona may affect photosynthesis in I. hawkeri.
Subject(s)
Polystyrenes/chemistry , Protein Corona/chemistry , Microplastics , Plant Proteins , Chromatography, Liquid , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Nanoparticles/chemistryABSTRACT
In recent years, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint as the target has made revolutionary breakthroughs in the treatment of a variety of advanced solid tumors. Notwithstanding the impressive long-term therapeutic benefits, their efficacy is limited to a small subset of cancer patients. Some patients experienced drug resistance and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) primarily include antibodies targeting CTLA-4 and antibodies targeting PD-1 and its ligands. Thus, it is of utmost importance to screen potential biomarkers in populations that may benefit from immunotherapy, to maximize therapeutic benefits. This review summarizes the mechanism of ICIs and its related efficacy biomarker, to better guide the application of immunotherapy in clinical practice.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore spatial clustering of mumps in Hubei Province during 2010-2020, and to provide evidence for mumps prevention and control. Methods The surveillance data of mumps during 2010-2020 in Hubei Province was obtained from the national infectious diseases reporting information system. Trend surface analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis of mumps incidences at county/district levels were performed using ArcGIS10.5 software. Results Mumps incidence rates in Hubei Province during 2010-2018 ranged from 8.70 per 100 000 to 44.99 per 100 000. The trend surface analysis showed that mumps incidences gradually decreased from west to east, and was low in the middle and high at the north-south direction. Global spatial autocorrelation showed that there were positive spatial correlations in every year except 2012 and 2014 (Morans I> 0, P <0.05). Local autocorrelation analysis showed that the hotspots of mumps incidences varied every year from 2010 to 2020. Conclusions According to the spatial analysis, mumps incidences had obvious spatial clustering in Hubei Province. The hotspots were mainly concentrated in the northwestern region of Hubei, but the hot spots also extended to the urban areas of eastern, central and northern Hubei. It is necessary to take appropriate prevention and control measures in the high-incidence areas.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To construct and confirm a predictive model for the risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its factors in Xinjiang Kazakh population.@*Methods@#A total of 2 286 Kazakh individuals were followed for 5 years from 2010 to 2012 as baseline survey. They were recruited in Xinyuan county, Yili city, Xinjiang. CVD cases were identified via medical records of the local hospitals in 2013, 2016 and 2017, respectively. Factor analysis was performed on 706 MS patients at baseline, and main factors, age, and sex were extracted from 18 medical examination indexs to construct a predictive model of CVD risk. After excluding the subjects with CVD at baseline and incomplete data, 2007 were used as internal validation, and 219 Kazakhs in Halabra Township were used as external validation. Logistic regression discriminations were used for internal validation and external validation, as well as to calculate the probability of CVD for each participant and receiver operating characteristic curves.@*Results@#The prevalence of MS in Kazakh was 30.88%. Seven main factors were extracted from the Kazakh MS population, namely obesity factor, blood lipid and blood glucose factor, liver function factor, blood lipid factor, renal metabolic factor, blood pressure factor, and liver enzyme factor. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting CVD in the internal validation was 0.773 (95%CI 0.754-0.792). In the external validation, the AUC for predicting CVD was 0.858 (95%CI 0.805-0.901).@*Conclusions@#The CVD risk prediction model constructed by 7 main factors extracted from Kazakh MS patients has high validation efficiency and can be used for risk assessment of CVD in Xinjiang Kazakh population.
ABSTRACT
Objective Summarize the characteristics of infectious disease reporting management, reflect on the exposed problems, and make reference suggestions under the situation of COVID-19. Methods In-depth analysis through literature research and practical demonstration. Results The functions of each department, organic integration, unified management, communication from top to bottom, upgrade and perfection, and information sharing can give full play to the early warning role of infectious disease surveillance. Conclusion The infectious disease reporting management system should be perfected and upgraded from top to bottom and from the inside out.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To construct and confirm a predictive model for the risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its factors in Xinjiang Kazakh population.Methods:A total of 2 286 Kazakh individuals were followed for 5 years from 2010 to 2012 as baseline survey. They were recruited in Xinyuan county, Yili city, Xinjiang. CVD cases were identified via medical records of the local hospitals in 2013, 2016 and 2017, respectively. Factor analysis was performed on 706 MS patients at baseline, and main factors, age, and sex were extracted from 18 medical examination indexs to construct a predictive model of CVD risk. After excluding the subjects with CVD at baseline and incomplete data, 2007 were used as internal validation, and 219 Kazakhs in Halabra Township were used as external validation. Logistic regression discriminations were used for internal validation and external validation, as well as to calculate the probability of CVD for each participant and receiver operating characteristic curves.Results:The prevalence of MS in Kazakh was 30.88%. Seven main factors were extracted from the Kazakh MS population, namely obesity factor, blood lipid and blood glucose factor, liver function factor, blood lipid factor, renal metabolic factor, blood pressure factor, and liver enzyme factor. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting CVD in the internal validation was 0.773 (95% CI 0.754-0.792). In the external validation, the AUC for predicting CVD was 0.858 (95% CI 0.805-0.901). Conclusions:The CVD risk prediction model constructed by 7 main factors extracted from Kazakh MS patients has high validation efficiency and can be used for risk assessment of CVD in Xinjiang Kazakh population.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish an ARIMA model and a seasonal index model to predict the trend of mumps, compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two models, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mumps. Methods ARIMA model and seasonal index model were established based on the monthly incidence of mumps in Hubei Province from 2008 to 2019. Results The average annual incidence rate from 2008 to 2019 was 28.89 / 100,000. April-July was the month of high incidence. The established ARIMA model and seasonal index model were （1-1.070B+0.441B2-0.291B3）*（1-B12）*Xt=（1-0.611B12）*Ɛt and Xt=（2.802-0.006t）*St. The average relative errors of the ARIMA model and the seasonal index model were 11.49% and 20.86%, respectively. Conclusion The ARIMA model and the seasonal index model both have good applicability in predicting the onset time characteristics and trend of mumps. However, while the ARIMA model demonstrated more advantages in fitting the annual change trend, the seasonal index model is better in fitting the monthly change trend. The two models can be used in combination to predict the trend of mumps.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles, predict the incidence trend of the disease, and provide reference for the development of measles prevention and elimination strategies. Methods Descriptive analysis, seasonal index method, clustering analysis and ARIMA model were used for data analysis and trend prediction. Results The average annual incidence of measles in 2005-2018 was 3.01/100,000. It was at a low level after 2009, and rebounded in 2018. The seasonal index of March-June was greater than 1, which was the month of high incidence. The incidence of men was higher than that of women. The 0-3 years old and 10-30 years old groups had a high incidence, and the population was mainly scattered children, students, and nursery children. The areas with high incidence were mainly northwestern and southeastern Hubei. ARIMA (0,1,0) (0,1,1) was the optimal model. The prediction analysis showed that the incidence rate in 2019 will be 1.26/100 000. Conclusion After the implementation of booster immunization, the measles epidemic in Hubei Province was at a low level, but it fluctuated greatly in recent years and is currently showing a rising trend. The incidence was high in spring. Cases were "biphasic shift" in groups 0-3 years old and 10-30 years old. Occupational distribution was consistent with the characteristics of high incidence in the age group. The mountain areas with poor sanitary conditions and economic backwardness, and regions with large population bases and high floating populations had a high incidence. The ARIMA model had good applicability in predicting the trend of measles incidence, which shows measles will continue to rise in 2019.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate effects of melatonin (MT) on high glucose-induced cell proliferation,Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway and expressions of inflammatory factor in mouse mesangial cells (SV40).Methods SV40 cells were divided into mannitol control group (30 mmol/L mannitol),normal control group (5 mmol/L glucose),control (5 mmol/L glucose)+ 1000 μmol/LMT group,high glucose group (25 mmogL glucose),high glucose +10,100,1000 μmol/L MT group and high glucose + TLR4 inhibitor (TAK242) group.(1) The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 cytotoxicity kits,and cell proliferation was measured by EdU kits.The expression of TLR4 and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB p65) were observed by immunofluorescence.(2) Realtime quantitative PCR was used to detect TLR4 mRNA expression.Real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA were used to determine the mRNA and protein secretion levels of the downstream inflammatory factors,such as monocyte chemoattractant-1 (MCP-1),interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor of α (TNF-α);Western blotting was used to detect TLR4 pathway proteins,such as TLR4,myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88),β interferon TIR domain adaptor (Trif),phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 3 (p-IRF3) and phosphorylated NF-κB inhibitory protein (p-IκB).Results High glucose stimulated mesangial cell proliferation,promoted TLR4 expression and NF-κB p65 transcription activity.Both MT and TAK242 inhibited the above reactions,and the effects of MT was concentration-dependent.Compared with the normal control group,high glucose group had up-regulated expressions of TLR4,MCP-1,IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA (all P ＜ 0.05),but also significantly increased the protein expressions of MyD88,Trif,p-IRF3 and p-IκB (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with those in the high glucose group,the expression of TLR4 was down-regulated in the high glucose+ 10,100,1000 μmol/L MT group and the high glucose+TAK242 group (all P ＜ 0.05),while the expressions of MyD88,Trif,p-IRF3,p-IκB,MCP-1,IL-1β and TNF-α decreased (all P ＜ 0.05).The effects of MT was concentration-dependent.Conclusions High glucose stimulates the proliferation of SV40,and MT can inhibit the proliferation of mesangial cells and the expressions of inflammatory factors through TLR4 signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To compare metabolic syndrome(MS)with Framingham risk score as predictors of cardiovascular disease(CVD)among Kazakhs population.@*Methods@#The participants were the residents who had been followed up for more than 5 years in representative areas of Kazakhs in Xinjiang. We assigned MS a continuous risk score for predicting the development of CVD based on the weights of MS components. MS and Framingham risk score were compared in terms of their ability in predicting years in representative areas of Kazakhs in Xinjiang. We assigned MS a continuous risk score for predicting the development of CVD based on the weights of MS components. MS and Framingham risk score were compared in terms of their ability in predicting development of CVD using Cox regression and receiver operating characteristic curve.@*Results@#The incidence of CVD was 13.87%. The incidence of CVD was higher in the MS group than it in the non-MS group(21.59% vs 11.10%, P<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of MS risk score was significantly larger than that of MS classification(0.727 vs 0.585, P<0.001); the area under the curve of MS risk score was close to that of Framingham risk score(0.732 vs 0.727, P=0.673). The association between CVD and each quintile of MS risk score was more significant than that between Framingham risk score and CVD under the same exposed condition(4.61, 9.33, 14.15, 22.29 vs 3.69, 6.36, 8.47, 16.99).@*Conclusion@#MS risk score that included age may be a better predictor of CVD among Kazakhs population.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare metabolic syndrome(MS)with Framingham risk score as predictors of cardiovascular disease( CVD) among Kazakhs. Methods The participants were the residents who had been followed up for more than 5 years in representative areas of Kazakhs in Xinjiang. We assigned MS a continuous risk score for predicting the development of CVD based on the weights of MS components. MS and Framingham risk score were compared in terms of their ability in predicting years in representative areas of Kazakhs in Xinjiang. We assigned MS a continuous risk score for predicting the development of CVD based on the weights of MS components. MS and Framingham risk score were compared in terms of their ability in predicting development of CVD using Cox regression and receiver operating characteristic curve. Results The incidence of CVD was 13.87％. The incidence of CVD was higher in the MS group than it in the non-MS group(21.59％ vs 11.10％, P<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of MS risk score was significantly larger than that of MS classification(0.727 vs 0.585, P<0.001);the area under the curve of MS risk score was close to that of Framingham risk score ( 0. 732 vs 0.727, P=0.673). The association between CVD and each quintile of MS risk score was more significant than that between Framingham risk score and CVD under the same exposed condition(4.61、9.33、14.15、22.29对3.69、6.36、8.47、16.99) . Conclusion MS risk score that included age may be a better predictor of CVD among Kazakhs.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases among Chinese students from 2011 to 2016 and to provide reference for the effective prevention and control programs on infectious disease among students.Methods Both morbidity and mortality of notifiable infectious diseases among Chinese students aged 6-22 years from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed,with main characteristics of the disease described.Results During 2011 to 2016,morbidities of Categories A,B and C infectious diseases among the Chinese students aged 6-22 years showed a decreasing trend,from 248.24/100 000 in 2012 to 158.57/100 000 in 2016.Mortality rates of Category A,B and C infectious diseases had also decreased from 0.12/100 000 in 2011 to 0.07/100 000 in 2016.The average morbidity of the top four diseases from Category A and B infectious diseases appeared as:tuberculosis (16.24/100 000),scarlet fever (9.39/100 000),hepatitis B (7.69/100 000) and bacillary and amebic dysentery (7.15/100 000).The average rates of mortality on the top four diseases appeared as:rabies (0.044 8/100 000),HIV/AIDS (0.027 7/100 000),tuberculosis (0.008 0/100 000) and Japanese encephalitis (0.005 9/100 000).The average rates of morbidity on the top four diseases appeared as:mumps (75.81/100 000),hand-foot-mouth disease (28.55/100 000),other infectious diarrhea (22.41/100 000) and influenza (15.67/100 000) in the Category C.Reported death cases were from hand-foot-mouth disease (11 cases),influenza (9 cases),mumps (1 case) and rubella (1 case).The prevalence rates varied among different student populations,with higher HIV/AIDS,hepatitis B and tuberculosis rates among college and senior high school students,while higher mumps,influenza and hand-foot-mouth disease rates among primary school and junior high school students.Conclusions Both morbidity and mortality of notiflable infectious diseases among Chinese students aged 6-22 years had decreased significantly in 2011-2016.However,the major infectious diseases had become new challenges among students.HIV/AIDS had become a key infectious disease among college students and the relatively high prevalence of tuberculosis was seen in college and high school students.
ABSTRACT
Objective To detect the damage incidence rate of liver and myocardium in infantile rotavirus (RV) enteritis.And to provide the basis for prevention and cure of liver and myocardium damage in infantile RV enteritis.Methods The liver function and myocardial enzyme detection results of 395 patients with infantile RV enteritis were collected .These results were compared with those of 40 healthy kids from health examinations . Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , aspartate amino transferase ( AST ) , serum creatine kinase (CK) and serum creatine kinase isozyme(CK-MB) from infantile patients were (34.49 ±29.13)U/L,(52.44 ± 24.10)U/L,(141.75 ±132.22)U/L and (48.69 ±32.53)U/L,respectively,which were higher than those of the healthy control [(16.00 ±3.24)U/L,(29.90 ±3.76)U/L,(101.82 ±64.56)U/L and (22.32 ±8.98)U/L,t=4.008,5.901,3.982,5.64,all P<0.05].The abnormal occurrence rates of ALT ,AST,CK and CK-MB in infantile patients were 19.49％,73.16％,12.15％,73.16％,respectively,which were higher than those in healthy controls (2.50％,20.00％,0.00％,0.00％),the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =7.128,47.397,5.464, 300.239,all P<0.05).The incidence rates of liver and myocardium damage were 19.49％and 73.16％,respectively. Conclusion There are higher incidence rates of liver and myocardium damage in infantile RV enteritis .So for the infantile RV enteritis patients ,it is necessary to detect the liver function and myocardial enzyme level .The treatment for infantile RV enteritis should be included liver and myocardial protection except antivirus and correcting dehydration .
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases among Chinese students from 2011 to 2016 and to provide reference for the effective prevention and control programs on infectious disease among students.Methods Both morbidity and mortality of notifiable infectious diseases among Chinese students aged 6-22 years from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed,with main characteristics of the disease described.Results During 2011 to 2016,morbidities of Categories A,B and C infectious diseases among the Chinese students aged 6-22 years showed a decreasing trend,from 248.24/100 000 in 2012 to 158.57/100 000 in 2016.Mortality rates of Category A,B and C infectious diseases had also decreased from 0.12/100 000 in 2011 to 0.07/100 000 in 2016.The average morbidity of the top four diseases from Category A and B infectious diseases appeared as:tuberculosis (16.24/100 000),scarlet fever (9.39/100 000),hepatitis B (7.69/100 000) and bacillary and amebic dysentery (7.15/100 000).The average rates of mortality on the top four diseases appeared as:rabies (0.044 8/100 000),HIV/AIDS (0.027 7/100 000),tuberculosis (0.008 0/100 000) and Japanese encephalitis (0.005 9/100 000).The average rates of morbidity on the top four diseases appeared as:mumps (75.81/100 000),hand-foot-mouth disease (28.55/100 000),other infectious diarrhea (22.41/100 000) and influenza (15.67/100 000) in the Category C.Reported death cases were from hand-foot-mouth disease (11 cases),influenza (9 cases),mumps (1 case) and rubella (1 case).The prevalence rates varied among different student populations,with higher HIV/AIDS,hepatitis B and tuberculosis rates among college and senior high school students,while higher mumps,influenza and hand-foot-mouth disease rates among primary school and junior high school students.Conclusions Both morbidity and mortality of notiflable infectious diseases among Chinese students aged 6-22 years had decreased significantly in 2011-2016.However,the major infectious diseases had become new challenges among students.HIV/AIDS had become a key infectious disease among college students and the relatively high prevalence of tuberculosis was seen in college and high school students.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the accuracy of human brucellosis diagnosis and reporting in medical institutions in Shanxi province, and understand the performance of clinical doctors to diagnose human brucellosis according to diagnostic criteria. Methods Field investigation was conducted in 6 medical institutions in the key areas of human brucellosis in Shanxi province. The diagnosis data of the reported brucellosis cases in 2015 were collected and reviewed retrospectively for the evaluation of the diagnosis accuracy with systematic sampling method. The database was established with Excel 2010 and the descriptive analysis and statistical test were conducted with software R 3.3.2. Results The diagnosis consistent rate of the 377 brucellosis cases reviewed was 70.8% (267/377), the diagnosis consistent rates in medical institutions at city-level and country-level were 77.0%(127/165) and 66.0%(140/212) respectively, the differences had significance (χ2=5.4, P=0.02). Among the reviewed cases, the diagnosis consistent rate of laboratory diagnosis and clinical diagnosis were 87.1%(256/294) and 13.3%(11/83) respectively, and the differences had significance (χ2=170.7, P<0.001) . Among the 21 investigated clinical doctors, the numbers of the doctors who correctly diagnosed the suspected cases, probable cases and lab-confirmed cases were only 3, 0 and 8 respectively. All of the clinical doctors knew that it is necessary to report the brucellosis cases within 24 hours after diagnosis. Conclusion The accuracy of human brucellosis diagnosis in key areas of human brucellosis in Shanxi was low, and the performance of the clinical doctors to diagnose human brucellosis according to diagnostic and case classification criteria was unsatisfied.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the accuracy of human brucellosis diagnosis and reporting in medical institutions in Shanxi province, and understand the performance of clinical doctors to diagnose human brucellosis according to diagnostic criteria. Methods Field investigation was conducted in 6 medical institutions in the key areas of human brucellosis in Shanxi province. The diagnosis data of the reported brucellosis cases in 2015 were collected and reviewed retrospectively for the evaluation of the diagnosis accuracy with systematic sampling method. The database was established with Excel 2010 and the descriptive analysis and statistical test were conducted with software R 3.3.2. Results The diagnosis consistent rate of the 377 brucellosis cases reviewed was 70.8% (267/377), the diagnosis consistent rates in medical institutions at city-level and country-level were 77.0%(127/165) and 66.0%(140/212) respectively, the differences had significance (χ2=5.4, P=0.02). Among the reviewed cases, the diagnosis consistent rate of laboratory diagnosis and clinical diagnosis were 87.1%(256/294) and 13.3%(11/83) respectively, and the differences had significance (χ2=170.7, P<0.001) . Among the 21 investigated clinical doctors, the numbers of the doctors who correctly diagnosed the suspected cases, probable cases and lab-confirmed cases were only 3, 0 and 8 respectively. All of the clinical doctors knew that it is necessary to report the brucellosis cases within 24 hours after diagnosis. Conclusion The accuracy of human brucellosis diagnosis in key areas of human brucellosis in Shanxi was low, and the performance of the clinical doctors to diagnose human brucellosis according to diagnostic and case classification criteria was unsatisfied.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the clinical features of Hashimoto thyroiditis with thyroid cancer, and provide scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of 87 patients of Hashimoto thyroiditis with thyroid cancer and 105 patients of Hashimoto thyroiditis were retrospectively analyzed. Results The rates of Hashimoto thyroiditis with thyroid cancer in age 0.05). There were statistical differences in total thyroxine (TT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels between Hashimoto thyroiditis with thyroid cancer and Hashimoto thyroiditis, there were statistical differences (P<0.05 or <0.01). Multiariable Logistic regression analysis result showed that the decreased serum level of TT4 and the increased levels of TSH, TgAb and TPOAb were the correlated factors of Hashimoto thyroiditis with thyroid cancer (P<0.05 or <0.01). Conclusions Low level of TT4 and high levels of TSH, TgAb and TPOAb may increase the risk of Hashimoto thyroiditis with thyroid cancer. The 30-49 years male patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis should be highly suspected of the possibility of merger thyroid cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyse the role of Bcl-6/Blimp-1/IL-21 in pathogenesis of primary Sj?gren′s syndrome(PSS),the relationship between Bcl-6/Blimp-1/IL-21 expression and labial gland biopsy grading.Methods:Immunohistochemical(IHC) method was used to detect the expression of Bcl-6/Blimp-1 in salivary gland between 30 cases pations with PSS in disease group and 11 cases patients with mucous cyst,lower lip trauma in control group,and the serum IL-21 levels between disease group of 40 cases patients with PSS and 30 cases healthy volunteers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) ,relations among 15 patients with IL-21 expression levels with labial gland biopsy grading.Results:The expression levels of Bcl-6/Blimp-1/IL-21 in disease group were higher than control group;in disease group,with pathological grades increased,the expression levels of Bcl-6/Blimp-1/IL-21 were also raised.Conclusion:①Bcl-6/Blimp-1/IL-21 may participate in the pathogenesis of PSS;Bcl-6/Blimp-1/IL-21 is associated with infiltration lymphocytes of salivary gland.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze absentees due to injury among primary school pupils in Hubei, 2012-2013; and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of injuries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 32 primary schools in Qianjiang city and Shayang county were sampled to conduct injury absenteeism surveillance, and the total number of students was 21 493. The surveillance contents included absent dates, genders, grades, initial or return absent, and the detailed absent reasons. The classification of injury was based on the 10th Revision of the international classification of diseases developed by WHO. Data from 2012-2013 school-year were extracted from the surveillance system for analysis. The total surveillance period was 182 days, of which the fall semester was 98 days and the spring semester was 84 days. The absenteeism rate and injury rate in different characteristics of primary school students were compared by χ² test, and the possible risk factors of injury were preliminary explored by calculating the RR (95% CI) value.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total daily injury absenteeism rate was 8.26/100 100 during 2012-2013 school-year in 32 primary schools in Hubei province, which was higher in fall semester (9.16/100 000), Qianjiang area (9.63/100 000), rural primary schools (13.44/100 000), boys (9.57/100 000), 1-2 grades (10.41/100 000), and the differences were significant (P < 0.05). The total injury rate was 0.46%. Rural primary schools (RR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.46-3.70), boys (RR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.23-2.87), and 3-4 grades (RR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.10-3.09) were identified as high-risk factors, while using city primary schools, girls, and 5-6 grades as references, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The injury absenteeism rate and injury rate were more higher in rural primary schools, boys and low or middle grades in Hubei province during 2012 to 2013 school year, so monitoring and preventive measures should be focused on those students.</p>